Clinical and sociodemographic evaluation of peri-implant health of implant retained prostheses fabricated with an immediate oclusal loading protocol / Avaliação clínica e sociodemográfica da saúde peri-implantar de próteses retidas em implantes fabricadas com um protocolo de carga oclusal imediata

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental implant therapy, when well planned, can contribute to the patient's quality of life and is an important tool for solving a serious public health problem in various parts of the world. Objective This study investigated peri-implant health in fixed implants supported by an immediate loading technique and to associate those outcomes with sociodemographic conditions. Material and method After the disassembly of the prostheses on implants with the "Branemark Model" the peri-implant health of 93 patients was evaluated using dental plaque index (DPI), probing pocket depths (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and presence of gingival hyperplasia. Patients also answered a questionnaire about their gender, age, socioeconomic status (Brazilian Association of Research Companies - ABEP), general health and tobacco use. Result The most constant clinical findings were the presence of plaque, followed by gingival hyperplasia and periimplantitis, which was associated with disease progression. Most of the patients in the study were female, Caucasian, and under 60 years of age, with prostheses located in their lower arch, and they belonged to social classes A and B. Conclusion The presence of dental biofilm occurred in almost all implants and was not related to the presence of periimplantitis. The progression of periimplantitis with bone loss was related to sub gingival bleeding. The sociodemographic characteristics in the study did not present great correlations with the clinical variables of the dental implants studied.

RESUMO Introdução A terapia de implantes dentais, quando bem planejada, pode contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e é uma ferramenta importante para solucionar um sério problema de saúde pública em várias partes do mundo. Objetivo Este estudo investigou a saúde peri-implantar em implantes fixos apoiados por uma técnica de carga imediata e associou esses resultados a condições sociodemográficas. Material e método Após a desmontagem das próteses sobre implantes com o "Modelo de Branemark", a avaliação peri-implantar de 93 pacientes foi avaliada por meio do índice de placa dental (IPD), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS), níveis clínicos de fixação (NCF) e presença de hiperplasia gengival. Os pacientes também responderam a um questionário sobre sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa - ABEP), saúde geral e tabagismo. Resultado Os achados clínicos mais constantes foram a presença de placa, seguida de hiperplasia gengival e periimplantite, que esteve associada à progressão da doença. A maioria dos pacientes do estudo era do sexo feminino, caucasiana e com idade inferior a 60 anos, com próteses localizadas na arcada inferior, pertencentes às classes sociais A e B. Conclusão A presença de biofilme dentário ocorreu em quase todos os implantes e não foi relacionado à presença de periimplantite. A progressão da peri-implantite com perda óssea foi relacionada ao sangramento subgengival. As características sociodemográficas do estudo não apresentaram grandes correlações com as variáveis clínicas dos implantes dentários estudados.

Combined effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles and a dentifrice on plaque removal and gingival abrasion

Abstract Two previous clinical studies evaluated the effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles of soft manual brushes on the removal of plaque and gingival abrasion. However, the combined effect of an abrasive dentifrice on these outcomes has yet to be understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare the incidence of gingival abrasion and the degree of plaque removal obtained after the use of toothbrushes with tapered or end-rounded bristles in the presence or absence of an abrasive dentifrice. The study involved a randomized, single-blind, crossover model (n = 39) with a split-mouth design. Subjects were instructed to refrain from performing oral hygiene procedures for 72 hours. Quadrants were randomized and subjects brushed with both types of toothbrushes using a dentifrice (relative dentin abrasion = ± 160). Plaque and gingival abrasion were assessed before and after brushing. After 7 days, the experiment was repeated without the dentifrice. The average reduction in plaque scores and the average increase in the number of abrasion sites were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc tests. End-rounded bristles removed significantly more plaque than tapered bristles, regardless of the use of a dentifrice. The dentifrice did not improve plaque removal. In the marginal area (cervical free gingiva), no difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion was detected between toothbrush types when used with a dentifrice (p ≥ 0.05). However, the dentifrice increased the incidence of abrasion (p < 0.001), irrespective of the toothbrush type tested. End-rounded bristles therefore removed plaque more effectively without causing a higher incidence of gingival abrasion when compared with tapered bristles. An abrasive dentifrice can increase the incidence of abrasion, and should be used with caution by individuals who are at risk of developing gingival recession.

Effect of two models of stress associated with ligature-induced periodontitis on hematological parameters in rats / Efeito de dois modelos de estresse associados à periodontite induzida por ligadura sobre parâmetros hematológicos em ratos

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two models of chronic stress in rats and their association with induced periodontitis on hematological parameters: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (Ht), erythrocytes (Hm), hemoglobin (Hg) and leukocytes (Lk). Methods: Forty-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=12): physical stress (PSG), variable stress (VSG), ligature (LG) and control (CG) and then started the test of physical stress (restraint and exposure to cold) and variable stress (exposure to flashing light, isolation, examination of the oral cavity, congested environment, the smell of blood and noise). After 10 days of the stress test, the animals in Groups PS, VS and L were anesthetized, and a silk thread was adapted around the upper right second molar; subsequently, the stress test continued for 50 days. The animals were anesthetized and held up the incision and visualization of the posterior vena cava for blood puncture vacuum in tubes containing EDTA. Data were collected by blinded and trained examiners and were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA and Bonferroni?s test at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The two models of stress changed all of the hematological parameters tested, with the exception of VCM. Conclusion: The stress associated with periodontitis is able to modify blood parameters in rats.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de dois modelos de estresse crônico - físico e variável - em ratos, associados à periodontite induzida, sobre parâmetros hematológicos: volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM) hematócrito (Ht), hemácias (Hm), hemoglobina (Hg) e leucócitos (Lc). Metodologia: Selecionaram-se 48 ratas adultas da linhagem Wistar divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=12): estresse físico (GEF), estresse variável (GEV), ligadura (GL) e controle (GC). Iniciou-se o ensaio de estresse físico (contenção e exposição ao frio) e estresse variável (exposição à luz piscante, isolamento, exame da cavidade bucal, ambiente congestionado, odor de sangue e barulho). Decorridos 10 dias do início do ensaio de estresse, os animais dos Grupos EF, EV e L foram anestesiados e um fio de seda foi adaptado em volta do segundo molar superior direito, sendo o ensaio de estresse mantido por mais 50 dias. Os animais foram anestesiados e procedeu-se a incisão e visualização da veia cava posterior. Realizou-se a punção sanguínea a vácuo, em tubos com EDTA. Os dados foram coletados por examinadores cegos e treinados e analisados por ANOVA e teste de Bonferroni, ao nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Os dois modelos de estresse alteraram todos os parâmetros hematológicos do estudo com exceção do VCM. Conclusão: O estresse associado à periodontite é capaz de modificar parâmetros sanguíneos em ratas.

Antimicrobial activity of 2 percent chlorhexidine gluconate, 1 percent sodium hypochlorite and paramonochlorophenol combined with furacin against S. aureus, C. albicans, E. faecalise and P. aureginosa / Atividade antimicrobiana da clorexidina a 2 por cento, hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento e paramonoclorofenol com furacin sobre S. aureus, C. albicans, E. faecalise e P. aureginosa

Purpose: To analyze the antimicrobial action of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite and paramonochlorophenol were combined with furacin against strains of S. aureus, C. albicans, E. faecalis and P. aureginosa. Methods: Forty Petri plates were used. Four plates were separated from the others and used as a negative control. Four other plates were used a positive control. The other 32 plates were treated with four circles of sterilized filter paper impregnated with the test and control substances. The groups of plates were analyzed after an experiment time of seven days by the measuring the inhibition halos. Results: Two percent chlorhexidine gave the largest inhibition zones, and the difference in size between its inhibition zones and the compound with the next largest inhibition zone, 1% sodium hypochlorite, was statistically significant. The 1% sodium hypochlorite also had significantly larger inhibition zones than the control group and PMC+F. Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate gave the best results, while PMC+F showed the weakest antibacterial activity.

Objetivo: Analisar a ação antimicrobiana da clorexidina a 2%, do hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e do paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin sobre S aureus, C albicans, E faecalise eP aureginosa. Metodologia: Foram utilizadas 40 placas Petri. Quatro placas foram separadas como controle negativo e em 4 outras, além do meio de cultura, semearam-se os microrganismos, com o círculo de papel, para se obter o controle positivo. Em 32 placas seguiu-se a colocação de 4 círculos de filtro de papel esterilizados e impregnados das substâncias testes e controle, depositados em cada quadrante das mesmas. Os grupos foram analisados por 7 dias. Para a verificação dos resultados, usaram-se os halos de inibição de crescimento bacteriano. Resultados: A clorexidina 2% foi significantemente (P<0,05) mais efetiva para todas as cepas microbianas que as demais substâncias. O hipoclorito de sódio a 1% apresentou resultados intermediários. O paramonoclorofenol associado ao furacin (PMC+F) obteve os piores resultados. Conclusão: A clorexidina obteve os melhores resultados. O PMC+F apresentou os menores halos de inibição.